Letter to Congress Essay

My name is Vanessa, I am a Registered Nurse currently enrolled in the BSN program at University of Phoenix. I am writing this letter to identify a healthcare bill and discuss its impact on direct service delivery in the public healthcare setting. The letter also presents the cons and pros of the bill, in addition to summarizing the impact of the bill on healthcare coverage and patient care. The aim of the letter is to request your support for the bill. The healthcare bill that needs your support in order to ensure successful implementation and improved healthcare services delivery is a bill that offers healthcare coverage for illegal immigrants not covered by the Affordable Care Act. The Bill is called Healthcare for All. State Senator Ricardo Lara (D-33) sponsors it. The bill aims to extend healthcare insurance coverage to people not covered in the ACA Act (Russ, 2014). The most important aspect of the bill is that it seeks to ensure that healthcare is affordable and accessible to a ll people in the country. The bill is motivated by the fact that failure to provide coverage will create gaps in service delivery. It requires your support because it targets to lower the rates of uninsured citizens through the expansion of healthcare insurance coverage. It is important to note that several pros are associated with the bill. Some of the pros of the Act include introduction of mechanisms such as mandates, subsidies and insurance exchanges to illegal immigrants. The strategy assures that illegal immigrants in States such as California will receive the same healthcare insurance plans afforded to citizens of California. Under this bill, illegal immigrants will be given premium cost sharing reductions and subsidies. The mechanisms increase the coverage and  affordability of healthcare insurance. The bill dubbed Healthcare for All will provide coverage to uninsured residents through the expansion of the existing Act (Russ, 2014). Additionally, it will create new healthc are insurance exchanges, which will enable undocumented people to purchase coverage. The objective of the bill is to create a healthy state where everyone can access affordable and quality healthcare coverage. Under the Bill, undocumented people will qualify for Medicaid coverage that has been fully paid by the state. The bill presents a required solution that addresses inadequate compensation systems and inefficiencies of state healthcare systems. The bill needs your support because it will offer two options to the undocumented immigrants. The first option is the extension of Medicaid to people, who earn below the poverty level. The second option is insurance exchange to people who earn above the poverty level. It will help in minimizing overcrowding in emergency rooms. The main disadvantage of the Act is that it creates new taxes, particularly on citizens. Providing illegal immigrants in California with healthcare insurance is an expensive venture because it will force citizens to pay more taxes in order to address the healthcare needs of illegal immigrants (Russ, 2014). Based on these findings, I request your support for the bill. It is clear that the pros of the bill will improve healthcare service delivery in a holistic manner without the need to discriminate against the illegal immigrants. Supporting the bill shows your constituents and public that you seek to improve the healthcare sector and service delivery. The main impact of the bill is the reduction of the number of uninsured people. Your support is needed in order for Congress to pursue solutions to practical problems that millions of Americans face. Thank you for your time. Sincerely References Jonas, S., Goldsteen, R. L., Goldsteen, K., & Jonas, S. (2013). Jonas’ introduction to the U.S. health care system. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Russ, K. (2014). California Senator Offers Controversial Bill To Cover Healthcare Costs For Illegal Immigrants Not Covered By ACA. Justice Foundation in Defense of Veterans. Los Angeles.

To investigate the effect to the potato cells in the different solute concentration water Essay

Water can move through the different cells due to the difference of water potentials in the cells. If there is a higher solute concentration in the cell than outside the cell, the water will move into the cell. However, if the concentration of inside the cell is lower than the outside, water will not move into the cell. This process is called osmosis. Research question; This investigation will determine how different concentrated sugar water will affect to the mass change of the potato cells using the concept of osmosis. Hypothesis; I predict that the potato slice in beaker C will gain the most increased mass than beaker B and C. The reason is that since beaker C has a highest concentration among the test beakers, it will affect the most to the potato cells. The movement of water will move actively in beaker C. Variables; Independent Variable In this experiment the independent variable will be the sucrose concentration of water. This is controlled by using a specific amount of sugar that we pour into the distilled water. We will do the activity in the solutions with concentration of 0, 0.25, 0.50%. Dependent Variable The dependent variable will be the size of potato slices that goes into the solutions. This depends on the various environmental factors during making a slice of potato such as the thickness of core or the peel of potato. Thus it could differ during the experiment. Controlled Variable Anything that can change the result of this experiment will be the controlled variables. Therefore, we need to control variables that can be controlled to get the most accurate and reliable data in this experiment. Also the purpose of an experiment is to find out the cause of the lab and how it affects. Without these variables, it would b e difficult to determine which cause made the effect out of the lab. Water Level; Clearly if we have higher level of water in the beaker to make concentrated sugar water, the concentration will be lower than the less level of water. To get the consistent data, we need to control the level of water in the same level possible. Size of Cores; We will use the slices of potato in this lab, and if we have different sizes of potato slices due to the different sizes of cores that we have used to make a slices, the result will be vary as the size gets bigger or smaller. Therefore, during the lab, we need to use the same type and size of the cores. Type of Potatoes; If there are different types of potatoes, the osmosis that happens to the potato from the sugar water will not be the same. This needs to be controlled by using a same type of potato to get the most accurate data possible. Time of submersion; If one potato slice has stayed in the solution longer than the other sets, the data is not reliable because it is not experimented in equal amount of time. In order to get the reliable data, we need to measure the time equally and record it to the data paper. Size of the petri dish; We need to use the same size of the petri dishes to collect the reliable and accurate data. Different size of the petri dishes will boost or slow down the osmosis in the potato cells. Humidity; Humidity near the experiment place will also affect to the experiment. If the pace is hot and dry, the solution may evaporate soon due to the particles inside the solution absorbs the heat. Also when it is cold, the osmosis may not work normally. Due to these facts, we need to control the size of the petri dishes to get the best data possible. Temperature of the solutions; If the solution A’s temperature is higher than the solution B and C, it will affect to the speed and rate of the osmosis. In order to get the reliable and best data, we need to control the temperature of the solutions in to equal celsius possible. Apparatus; 3 different concentrated solutions (0, 25, 50 mol/dm^3) Beakers Pipettes Potato cores Balance Measuring cylinder Petri dishes Black pen Ruler Potato slices Procedure; 1. Using black pen to label the 3 different concentrated solutions and label them A, B and C. (Each solutions contain 100ml) 2. Record the physical properties of the potato slices. Place the slices of potatoes into the each petri dishes and label them a, b and c. 3. Pour the solutions in to each petri dishes about 36ml. (A to a, B to b, C to c) 4. Wait for 2 days.

Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer And Colon Cancer

Breast Cancer My paternal grandmother has batteld cancer three times. She was diagnosed with breast cancer first and then six years later with ovarian cancer. Both times, she had to have radiation to cure her from the cancer. After four years of being in remission, the cancer came back. This time it was on a viscous rampage. My grandmother had to receive a month of intense chemotherapy and two critical surgeries to remove the tumors that were invading her body. Seeing her go through all of this†¦ Cancer is one of the most deadly disease next to heart disease. Without the proper equipment, many breast cancer could go undiagnosed and overlooked. Nancy McIlhenney was diagnosed with breast cancer ( Invasive lobular carcinoma) back in November 2015, when she noticed a large lump within her breast. When she went to the doctors, they said that the lump she was feeling was fatty tissue but the cancer itself was hidden behind it. Granted that it might be caused by environmental due to radiation†¦ Cancer is a disease that is caused by abnormal cells in a part of someone’s body. Anyone can be diagnosed with cancer, it is not something that only affects certain people. Sometimes the cancer can be hereditary meaning that a family member has had the same type of cancer in the past. However, one of the most common cancers for women is breast cancer. Breast cancer is a cancer that is well known since there is a month that is dedicated to bring awareness to breast cancer but not many people realize†¦ Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers that affect a myriad of people in today’s society. â€Å"About 1 in 8 U.S. women (about 12%) will develop breast cancer over the course of her lifetime.† (Breast Cancer, 2016). Some people diagnosed with this type of cancer could have the opportunity to detect it early on due to screenings or self-evaluations. However despite early detection, it does not guarantee that the cancer can be treated in its entirety. Different stage levels decide the degree in which†¦ losing my father to cancer. Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroys body tissue along the way. There are multiple types of treatments depending on the type of cancer. People who become weak, loss of hunger, depressed and many more. Most common types of cancers include Breast cancer, Lung cancer, and melanoma(Hill, Peter). Breast cancer is a cancer that forms in the cells of the breast. Most women growing up are told to examine their breast when in the shower†¦ Cancer refers to several diseases that the involve uncontrolled growth of mutated cells in the body. Normally, cells grow and divide based on signals and the body’s needs, and new cells replace old or damaged cells. However, cancer is able to develop when cell signaling is interrupted. The old cells stop dying and instead form new abnormal cells, possibly resulting in a tumor. Cancerous cells are malignant, which means they can invade nearby tissue, and can potentially metastasize and spread to various†¦ Introduction Breast cancer is the abnormal growing of cells within the breast tissues. It has been identified to be number two killer of all cancer demises among women. The first common sign that can lead to cancer diagnosis is the presence of a breast lump. Breast cancer is more common in women than men are, but they also need to realize that they can also be diagnosed with breast cancer. Fibro adenoma has been identified as the most prevalent form of benign breast tumor, while Invasive Ductal†¦ mother had found in her breast. â€Å"I told her, ‘Maybe it is that Froot Loop I gave you earlier,’† Sands remembered. â€Å"She laughed and said, ‘I hope so!’† That day was the beginning of Sands’ journey with cancer. Five years later, her mother died of breast cancer at the age of 43, when Sands was 9 years old. A few years after that, Sands’ aunt was diagnosed with breast cancer. She went into remission but later died of ovarian cancer. Then a cousin was diagnosed with breast cancer at 34. Two years ago,†¦ of different cancers that people tend to hear of. Cancer is abnormal cells that grow out of control and invade a healthy person’s body. When these cells do not grow normally things can go wrong. When cancer occurs it is because the cells divide more than they should and begin to form masses also known as tumors. According to the National Breast Cancer Foundation, the most common type of cancer is breast cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer death in woman. Breast cancer is when the malignant†¦ Colon Cancer Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a form of cancer that affects the large intestine and rectum. The cancer cells do not die when signaled to do so. Instead, they grow unmonitored. The cancer will grow into more tissue and organs and develop more new cancer cells. In Stage I colon cancer only affects either the colon or the rectum. The cancer cells are found in the epithelial and lamina propria layers, the top layers of the large intestine and rectum. In Stage II, the†¦

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS - Essay Example The regions that harbored this paradigm shift are the United States, Japan and Europe; which have been deemed as the Triad. After establishing a strong industrial base, many corporations in this region have expanded globally, particularly dispersing operations across the globe where economies of scale could be achieved in a cost-effective manner. A main feature of the past few decades has been the shift from labor intensive industries to capital intensive industries, consequently, labor activities have been shifted to less developed regions where labor cost is law and there is relatively less restraint posed by labor regulations. (Ohmae, K., 1983) While some scholars deem this transfer of functions as neo-colonialism, since most of the profits gained by virtue of these activities are diverted towards the operating MNE’s, our focus remains on the peculiar relation between multinational enterprises and small-medium enterprises that operate locally. Since Greenfield ventures are a rarity in the current sociopolitical environment, trade activities are spearheaded by focus on usage of factors of production, in particular, labor. Most of the major global corporations make use of ‘outsourcing’, delocalizing certain operational functions to push their costs down. This symbiotic relationship is possible due to particular philosophies that are distinct to the two major players here: MNEs have a focus on product innovation while local SMEs have a focus on process innovation. MNEs provide the financial and technological capital required, while SMEs facilitate production with an optimal production process. Inevitably, the SMEs, which are mostly situated in LDCs, are forced to specialize in the particular function that they are catering to. MNEs provide SMEs an opportunity they wouldn’t otherwise have in the form of markets that demand products requiring their services. It is usually the lack of local demand that inhibits many SMEs from growth and expansion. This notion is also supported by Porter’s diamond model, which suggests that in order for an industry to flourish in a national context, the local demand must be anticipatory of foreign demand. Since such is not the case in most LDCs, MNEs provide an opportunity for SMEs to expand and grow by increasing volumes of operation. Exposure to newer markets is also accompanied by the advent of newer technologies, capital and managerial skills.( Wright, R, W., & Russel, C, S., 1975) This in turn not only effects the SMEs in contact, but the local community involved as well in terms of employment. Ironically, the necessary technological capital required for SMEs is provided mainly from the Triad region. This obviously entails a certain monopolistic relation that is a feature of MNE-SME cooperation. What is deemed as an inequality, automatically translates to social indicators and economic factors as well. Some scholars label this relation as the dependency theory, which sta tes that countries within the core are capital intensive nations that are able to maintain this superiority using their vast accumulated capital which focuses on innovation and technology, while lesser important functions are transferred to the peripheries which provide the necessary labor and raw material for industries to operate but are not allowed to accelerate beyond that. Lack of knowledge transfer is

Relationships and Dating in the Modern Age Essay

Relationships and Dating in the Modern Age - Essay Example The second key benefit is that social sites facilitate networking as individuals can conduct both formal and informal interactions via online. The author observes that casual conversations have become easy and fun through the use of features such as digital doodle or virtual kisses (Wortham 394). Technology has a negative impact on relationships. In spite of the author’s positive attitude towards the use of technology to foster relationships, Wortham does not fail to point out its disadvantages. First, with the vast array of applications to use, consumers face the challenge of choosing the ideal form to communicate (Wortham 394). The second challenge is that the use of technology as a mediator affects how people prioritize offline communication and our ability to interact (Wortham 395). Some researchers argue that people have become dependent on applications instead of the real-world face to face communications. Resultantly, people forget the exhilarating experience of face-to-face interactions that cannot be compared to the use of technology. Wortham begins her article with a short narrative dubbed â€Å"A lazy afternoon† with her boyfriend. This writing technique is an effective way to begin an essay as it grabs the reader’s attention. Readers are curious to find out what the article is about including the author’s attitude towards the topic. Furthermore, through the short narrative, readers gain insight concerning the topic including the author’s stand on the same.

Construction Engineering Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Construction Engineering - Assignment Example Whether or not a power plant can be built on a specific location is determine by carrying out technical surveys based on following recommendations. Supply of raw material to the place is convenient .i.e. the construction site is provided by roads to transport goods to that part of the area. Must have ample space to accommodate construction machinery. Must have proper area for dumping mud extracted from the construction site. Quebec is rich in places that are suitable for the construction of power plant. For the construction of such a facility in Quebec, following considerations are followed. Facility must be having environmental conditions that support the construction and running of power plant, e.g. Most of the year temperature should be below freezing point and less prone to tornadoes. Facility must be having suitable area for the construction of such a large project. It is better to choose the facility near geysers; therefore, less fuel will be required. Location selected must be close to the facility, so that less investment is required to lay down the electric cable system and less line losses are build. Before establishing such a huge project, most important thing is to carry out economic analysis. To keep the plant running after start up, its economic analysis must be done before time. Here are few most important aspects of carrying out the analysis. The total investment must not exceed the revenue plant is going to generate in its life span, but it should be less enough to overcome its maintenance charges as well as gives profit to the state. Plant should have least transportation charges of fuel and less cabling should be required to furnish the area with electricity produced. Question 2 What data would be required and how would it be collected/obtained/determined for question 1 above? The data for question 1 can be collected by dividing the whole task in a number of parts. First of all, basic information can be obtained by surveying already working p ower plants in Quebec. It needs thorough survey of all the power plants already working in that area. This survey includes detailed review of the operational complexities faced by already functional power plants, in terms of local environmental conditions and geographical issues. Annual reports generated by all the plants must be viewed thoroughly in order to get the idea how the output from the plant is being affected by the choice of location and other factors. All this is really helpful in getting exact data for the analysis carried out in question 1. Question 3 Part of your mandate is to prepare a manual of ‘Business Ethics’ for the Construction of this project. This manual would affect all engineering staff doing design and all construction contractors performing work on site. What key principles might you include in your manual? To follow Business Ethics or Code of Conduct while performing a task is a key to success as an individual as well as a company. Therefore , carrying out such a big project must also follow some codes of conduct that need to be applied on engineering staff, contractors and labors. Here is the list of most important business ethics that must be followed while carrying out this project(Vee and Skitmore). Construction drawings must not be stolen from any source rather a dedicated drawing for this specific thermal power plant must be produced. All of the construction errors must be reported

The Big Stick by Roosevelt Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Big Stick by Roosevelt - Article Example He believed in a poise of power between the world’s powerful nations as he saw peace as a recipe for stronger fiscal growth and stability. In the Monroe doctrine, he emphasized the American control of the western parts of the globe. Through this doctrine, he placed measures that would curb prying on the US by the European entities (Morgan, 2004). President Taft assumed the reins of influence in 1909. Having been a â€Å"secretary of war†, he was experienced in dealing with global power brokers like Japan (Morgan, 2004). However, once he assumed authority, he broke away from the Roosevelt’s foreign policy of using military might to foster economic development. He focused on investments placed in distant entities. He encouraged Americans to invest in foreign countries where America had interest, notably the Far East. He believed that large foreign presence in the oversea countries would help forge appropriate coexistence among related entities. This led the massive foreign investments abroad and thus the name the â€Å"big dollar policy† (Morgan, 2004). His continued economic investment in China found paths into Japanese areas of interest. This annoyed the Japanese and led to the treaty with Russia to stop the provision of US goods from their markets. The single term that Taft served was short and characte rized by massive economic progress (Morgan, 2004). However, Taft lacked the balance of influence and sturdy headship drawn by Roosevelt on the international front. His strict nature created enemies both within the congress and within the republican groupings. Significant proportions of republicans perceived Taft as a timid individual. Such a notion together with constant infighting caused him the presidency in 1912 (Morgan, 2004).

Discuss the weaving together od induction and deduction with imperical Essay

Discuss the weaving together od induction and deduction with imperical evidence in the scientific method. - talk about the scientific method, then use examples to - Essay Example The products included an expanded body of knowledge, tools and techniques† (The dawn of Science, p.26). The nature itself was the tutor for the ancient human being. He has learned many things from the nature by observations, testing and analysis. He has devised many methodologies and formulated many concepts based on his experiences with the interaction of nature. Though he was unaware of many natural phenomena at that time, his interaction with nature has made him aware the common patterns associated with all the nature’s activities such as day and night and summer and winter. The scientific method has emerged through these careful observations and analysis of nature’s activities. General principle and scientific principle have lot of differences. General principle may not have any scientific evidences. For example sun is believed to be rises in the east. But east, west, north, south concepts are relative and all such things are mere assumptions and have no Scientific method of inquiry usually associated with gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. Scientific method consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation. These data will be used to formulate hypothesizes. From these hypothesizes, conclusions will be made. Scientific method is the method adopted by scientists in their investigation of various phenomena. It is a systematic and orderly method of solving problems. Whatever be the nature of the problems, the scientists adopt a cautious and methodical procedure that helps him to acquire valid and verifiable conclusions. Sensing of the problem is the first step in scientific method followed by the research. The research will provide lot of data which will be used for generating various hypothesizes. These hypothesizes will be tested and then the conclusion will be made which will lead to the formulation of laws. Such formulated laws

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Philosophy - Essay Example Descartes would respond to this challenge by saying that there is one thing we can know for sure, and that is that there is a â€Å"we,† or at least an â€Å"I.† This is certain beyond anyone possible doubt, because doubt necessitates it. If I doubt that I exist, then there must be an â€Å"I† to have the experience of doubt. So from doubt emerges certainty. This process is entirely mental and depends not at all on what the senses tell us is actually out there. That is good, because our senses may be lying to us. Descartes’ evil genius or demon could have our brains floating in a vat or our bodies hooked up to a bio-chamber like the ones on The Matrix. This being the case, how can I know that the street I see from my window is actually there? How can I be sure that the flowers I smell are there? A sadistic entity might deceive me into thinking that I am taking a whiff of a bed of roses when in actuality I’m smelling a pile of horse dung. In the same way, my sandwich might be a plate of sand and the music I listen to the screeching of fingernails on a chalkboard. All of this could have been set up for the amusement of the demonic genius who controls me. But there is one thing that said villain cannot do. He cannot trick me into believing that I exist if I don’t. ... Thus it is my rational mind, using the tools of science, that will get at the truth, separating fact from fiction in what my senses say. Nonsense, says David Hume. People can have ideas, even complex sets of ideas, that all fit together and sound good yet are totally fallacious. Aristotle developed a system of physics that fit this description perfectly. I can develop a theory that a young lady loves me, based on such rational notions as, â€Å"After all, I’m a fine young man, and don’t young ladies tend to fall in love with fine young men?† But when I test the theory out and ask her for a date she might say no. My ideas of what he feelings must be had no correlation with the outside world at all. So, for Hume, all we can know is what our senses tell us. But he carries this a step further, saying that f all we can know is what our senses tell us, then deductions made on the basis of observations can never be trusted. An example can be seen in a game of billiards. The stick hits a ball that hits another ball, and all are in motion one after the other. We conclude from this that there is some sort of force that one object passes to the other and develop theories about inertia and momentum. But, did we see this actual force? No. We saw a stick make contact with a ball, which set out in motion and struck another ball, which in turn launched into motion. But, for all we know, one did not cause the other. The balls may have some sort of internal property that sets them off, and it is sheer coincidence that this principle kicked in at the moment each was struck by the other. This being the case, what can we ever really know? Well, we can know that stuff happens. How or why it occurs, on the other hand, is forever

Management data analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management data analysis - Assignment Example Question 6: How many times per week do you deposit waste? The following table shows the results of the survey: Employees Gender Q 1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 1 Male yes 1 1 1 23 3 2 Male yes 2 3 1 45 12 3 Male No 2 3 3 38 6 4 Female Yes 1 2 3 52 4 5 Female No 3 2 3 28 5 6 Male yes 3 2 1 18 7 7 Female yes 3 3 3 27 8 8 Female 3 3 2 33 6 9 Male No 2 3 3 56 17 10 Male Yes 2 3 3 63 21 11 Female Yes 1 1 3 39 2 12 Female Yes 1 1 1 40 7 13 Female Yes 1 1 1 33 5 14 Male no 1 3 3 22 5 15 Male yes 1 1 3 20 18 16 Female Yes 2 3 1 18 4 17 Male No 3 3 3 34 9 18 Male No 3 2 1 50 12 19 Female no 3 2 3 52 19 20 Female Yes 2 2 1 61 13 21 Male Yes 2 2 1 56 4 22 Male no 1 2 3 44 15 23 Female Yes 1 3 3 42 17 24 Female Yes 1 3 1 19 17 25 Male No 1 2 3 26 10 26 Male No 1 1 1 23 3 27 Male Yes 2 3 1 45 12 28 Male no 2 3 3 38 6 29 Female No 1 2 3 52 4 30 Female No 3 2 3 28 5 31 Male no 3 2 1 18 10 32 Female No 3 3 3 27 8 33 Female no 3 2 3 33 6 34 Male Yes 2 3 3 20 10 35 Male yes 2 3 3 63 23 Table1: survey results Null hypothesis: There is enough evidence to show that support for the new waste policy was related to the volume of waste produced prior to the policy’s introduction. Table 2: Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .025a .001 -.030 5.81551 a. Predictors: (Constant), How much waste did you generate on a typical day Table 3: ANOVAa Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression .679 1 .679 .020 .888b Residual 1116.063 33 33.820 Total 1116.743 34 a. Dependent Variable: How many times per week do you visit the central re-cycling bins? b. Predictors: (Const

Research design and methodlogy Essay Example for Free

Research design and methodlogy Essay This chapter presents and discusses the method of research used and the procedures utilized by the researcher in this study. It likewise includes the sources of data and the treatment of data. Methodology of the study This investigation adopted the compare and contrast qualitative research method as this is the most appropriate way in determining the effect the type of business to the success of the business. In addition, the quantitative approach was included to complement the qualitative part of this research. The Archival Research is defined by Bordens, Kenneth S. , and Abbott, Bruce B. , (1999) as a non-experimental strategy that involves studying existing records. These records can be historical account of events, census data, court records, police crime reports, or any other archived information. This qualitative study is divided by two parts. They are: 1. Compare Motherhood and Feminism in Beloved 2. Contrast Motherhood and Feminism in Beloved. And, the quantitative study focused on interviewing twenty persons who have read the Beloved novel. The researcher took pains in reading, searching and analysis of the different parts of this study. The researcher examined the comparison and contrast of Motherhood and Feminism in Beloved. The historical background is one of the main focus of this study including their success. The final phase was the analysis, presentation and the drawing of the conclusions and the recommendation. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The primary research instrument and technique was used in the gathering of data for this study. In addition, the researcher used secondary sources taken from books and journals. These secondary sources had guided the researcher to broaden the point of understanding specifically the effect of Motherhood on Feminism in Beloved. The analysis of variance was used to compare the different topics found in Beloved and the respondents answers grouped according to Age, Gender and Highest Educational Attainment. The formula for Analysis of Variance includes Y i = e i where e i is N(0, ? 2 ) [2. 1] RESEARCH PROCEDURE The researcher seeks the primary as well as secondary materials as the best way to examine the effect of Slavery on Motherhood and Feminism in the Beloved Novel. After a through studying, reading and scrutinizing the different data, it is best to use the secondary sources as a basis for company business analysis and then coming up with the output – Results of the Effect of Slavery on Motherhood and Feminism in the Beloved Novel. Chapter IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter puts forward the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the data collected. The questions identified in the problem are used as the bases for the presentation. The sequence of the structure includes table, analysis and interpretation of the data of the current study. PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY PART I 1. Compare Slavery to Feminism in the Beloved novel. There are similarities between slavery and feminism in the Beloved novel. 1. 1 Both slaves and women have responsibilities in the Beloved Novel. The slaves must clean the homes and even be the unwilling sex toys of their owners. The women have the responsibility to take care of the children in the Beloved Novel. Here, the Nation Journal states about Morrisons intentions in writing Beloved, â€Å"What is this absolute obsession with violence? I mean, violence is two things. First of all, it takes a certain amount of courage, physical courage, but it also requires a certain laziness of intellect. So its both easy and hard. Its such a childs view, as is the puny language that accompanies it. I guess I shouldnt dump that on children, but it certainly is not adult. † The language of literature that is bellicose, that is warlike, is the prized language 1. 2 Both slaves and women have feelings. For, both the slaves and the women can feel both sad and happy. Sethe was sad to feel that her child, Beloved would grow up a slave like her. Sethe felt sad when she knew she would never see her husband again. Here, Toni Morrison has conjured a way to bring back the past to the readers of this novel where slaves too have feelings . 2. Contrast Slavery to Feminism in the Beloved novel. There are differences between Slavery and Feminism in the Beloved novel. 2. 1 Slaves are the property of the owners but Women are not the property of their husbands. For the slave owners feel that they have the right to rape the women slaves because they feel that slaves as their property. The wives cannot be forced to have sex with their husbands or anyone else against their will . 2. 2 Slaves can not own their children but free women can own their children. Sethe killed Beloved because she did not want her to grow up and suffer as a slave like her. She is too possessive of her children. Women who are free, includes freed African Americans, can own their children. Beloved flirts with Paul D. because she wants to have a child of her own. She plans to take care of the child until it grows old. She wants to give her child the love and caring that her mother, Sethe, was too selfish to give her . 2. 3 Slaves have no freedom to do what they want whereas free women are free to do what they want anytime provided it does not violate the rights of others. The slaves are classified as animals in Beloved and have to right or privilege. However, free women a right to fall in love and to roam anywhere they want. This is the reason why Sethe ran away from her owners. This is also the main reason why Sethe’s husband, Paul D. and Stamp paid ran away from their owners. Sethe’s mother in law, Baby Suggs feels that she is now happy for being free to stay at her home to do whatever she wants . Being an African American herself, Toni Morrison â€Å"Historically, women in Africa have dominated the use (and instruction) of literary forms that include proverbs and folk- tales. In consequence, it is important to determine the scope of the narrative traditions in black womens literature and to specify the nature of this relationshipto discuss olktales, for example, in conjunction with the voices of/in the tales. The tellers, the mode of telling, the complications and sometimes obfuscations of telling become critical not only to the folkloric traditions, but to the larger narrative traditions as well† PART II This quantitative essay was done in order to know how people feel about the Beloved story by African American Toni Morrison which was published recently in 1987. For the society changes and humans evolve both in mind and in spirit. The environment where one lives is called reality. And literature evolves or alters its role, its action, its form of practice just like the environment of which it is a part. The people reading the book will cherish their past where their grandparents were once slaves or owners of slaves. 4. 0Frequency 4. 1 Age Table 1 AGE of Respondents Age Range Frequency Percent Rank. 15- 24 11 55 1 25- 34 5 25 2 34- 44 3 15 3 45- above 1 5 4 Total 20 100 The above table shows that there are eleven respondents belong to the 15 -24 age level. This group represents fifty five percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is ranked 1 in the above table based on their percentage. Also, there are five respondents belonging to the 25 -34 age level. This group represents twenty five percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is ranked 2 in the above table based on their percentage. There are three respondents belonging to the 35- 45 age level. This group represents fifteen percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is ranked 3 in the above table based on their percentage. Lastly, there is only one respondent belonging to the 45 and above age level. This group represents five percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is ranked 4 in the above table based on their percentage. There are more respondents belonging to the 15- 25 age level. 4. 2 Gender Table 2 GENDER of Respondents Gender Frequency Percent Rank F 14 70 1 M 6 30 2 Total 20 100 The above table shows that there are fourteen respondents belong to the Female Gender. This group represents seventy percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is ranked 1 in the above table based on their percentage. Also, there are six respondents belonging to the Males Gender. This group represents Thirty percent of the entire respondent population. This group level is ranked 2 in the above table based on their percentage. There are more respondents belonging to the Female Gender. 4. 3 Education.

Strengths of the biological model Essay Example for Free

Strengths of the biological model Essay Anti-depressants usually take a few weeks to have an effect and divided into three classes the first being Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) which include phenelzine (Nardil), the second are Tricyclics which include amitriptyline (Elavil) and have generally have fewer side effects than the monoamine oxidase inhibitors and the third class are Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which are the newest class of antidepressants, include paroxetine (Paxil), fluoxetine (Prozac), and sertraline (Zoloft). Antidepressants are typically prescribed for depression, anxiety, phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and Tricyclics increase the level of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain whilst Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors increase the level of serotonin only. Whilst antidepressants are not addictive, they often have side effects such as headache, dry mouth, constipation, nausea, weight gain, and feelings of restlessness. Of the three classes of antidepressants, MAOIs generally have the most side effects, many people who take MAOIs also have to restrict their diet, because MAOIs interact negatively with foods that contain the amino acid tyramine, such as beer and some cheeses and meats. SSRIs have fewer side effects than the other two classes of antidepressants. However, SSRIs can cause sexual dysfunction and if they are discontinued abruptly, withdrawal symptoms occur. Antipsychotic Drugs: Antipsychotic drugs are mainly used to treat mental health conditions such as schizophrenia and other psychoses, agitation, severe anxiety, mania and violent or dangerously impulsive behaviour. They include chlorpromazine (Thorazine), thioridazine (Mellaril) and haloperidol (Haldol) and usually begin to take effect a few days after they are administered. Antipsychotic drugs reduce sensitivity to irrelevant stimuli by limiting the activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Many antipsychotic drugs are most useful for treating positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions. However, a new class of antipsychotic drugs, called atypical antipsychotic drugs also help treat the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. They reduce the activity of both dopamine and serotonin. Atypical antipsychotic drugs include clozapine (Clozaril), olanzapine (Zyprexa), and quetiapine (Seroquel). Atypical antipsychotic drugs can sometimes be effective for schizophrenia patients who have not responded to the older antipsychotic drugs, however side effects include drowsiness, constipation, dry mouth, tremors, muscle rigidity and coordination problems. These side effects often make people stop taking the medications and this frequently results in a relapse of schizophrenia. A more serious side effect is tardive dyskinesia, a usually permanent neurological condition characterized by involuntary movements. To avoid tardive dyskinesia the dosage of antipsychotics has to be carefully monitored. The atypical antipsychotics have fewer side effects than the older antipsychotic drugs and are less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia. In addition, relapse rates are lower if people continue to take the drug. However, the relapse rate is higher with these drugs if people discontinue the drug as they assume they are now well and therefore do not need to take them. Lithium: One drug used in the treatment of bipolar disorders is lithium, it prevents mood swings in people with bipolar disorders. Researchers have suggested that lithium may affect the action of norepinephrine or glutamate. As with all drugs there are side effects, lithium can cause tremors or long-term kidney damage in some people. Doctors must carefully monitor the level of lithium in a patient’s blood. A level that is too low is ineffective, and a level that is too high can be toxic. Discontinuing lithium treatment abruptly can increase the risk of relapse. Recently developed alternatives to lithium include the drugs carbamazepine (Tegretol) and divalproex (Depakote). Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): ECT is a treatment for a small number of severe mental illnesses. It was originally developed in the 1930s and was used widely during the 1950s and 1960s for a variety of conditions. It is now clear that ECT should only be used in a smaller number of more serious conditions. ECT consists of passing an electrical current through the brain to produce an epileptic fit – hence the name, electro-convulsive. The idea developed from the observation that, in the days before there was any kind of effective medication, some people with depression or schizophrenia, and who also had epilepsy, seemed to feel better after having a fit. Research suggests that the effect is due to the fit rather than the electrical current. Electrodes are placed on the patient’s head over the temporal lobes of the brain. Anaesthetics and muscle relaxants help minimize discomfort to the patient, while an electric current is delivered for about one second. The patient has a convulsive seizure and becomes unconscious, awakening after about an hour. The typical number of ECT sessions varies from six to twenty, and they are usually done while a patient is hospitalized. The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) have looked in detail at the use of ECT and have recommended that it should be used only in depression, resistant mania or catatonia. They say ECT should be considered for acute treatment of severe depression that is life threatening and when a rapid response is required, or when other treatments have failed. It should not be used routinely in moderate depression, but should be considered for people with moderate depression if their depression has not responded to multiple drug treatments and psychological treatment. Psychosurgery: As a last resort when drugs and ECT have failed psychosurgery is an option, it basically involves either cutting out brain nerve fibres or burning parts of the nerves that are thought to be involved in the disorder while the patient is conscious. The most common form of psychosurgery is a prefrontal lobotomy. Unfortunately these operations have a nasty tendency to leave the patient vegetablised or ‘numb’ with a flat personality, shuffling movements etc. due to their inaccuracy. Antà ³nio Egas Moniz discovered the lobotomy in 1935 after successfully snatching out bits of chimpanzee’s brains. It didn’t take long for him to get the message that his revolutionary treatment was not so perfect, in 1944 a rather dissatisfied patient called his name in the street and shot him in the spine, paralysing him for life. As a consolation he received the Nobel prize for his contribution to science in 1949.Surgery is used only as a last resort where the patient has failed to respond to other forms of treatment and their disorder is very severe. This is because all surgery is risky and the effects of neurosurgery can be unpredictable and there may be no benefit to the patient and the effects are irreversible. Strengths of the biological model: The main strength of the model is that drugs have been successfully used to treat a wide variety of mental disorders, they have allowed people the chance to live independently and as normal life as possible without having to stay in hospital which prior to drug treatment was the only option. Where other therapies have failed, drugs have been successful, it has revolutionised the treatment of people with schizophrenia. Drugs have helped people improve sufficiently to allow psychotherapy and allow them a chance to gain insight into their illness. Drugs have also removed the stigma surrounding people with mental health issues so they are not blamed for being ill or accused of being possessed. Another strength of the biological approach is that it is very scientific, as the experiments used are measurable, objective and can be repeated to test for reliability. Also, the researcher has more control over the variables which is evident in Selyes study of rats which led to him developing the theory of General Adaptation Syndrome. The biological approach is also deterministic and increases the likelihood of being able to treat people with mental issue and provides explanations about the causes of behaviour, this understanding can then be used to improve peoples lives. Weaknesses: One of the major weaknesses of the model is the side effects associated with drug or chemotherapy, as previously mentioned when outlining the different classes of drugs available. Most of these drugs can also cause dependency where people cannot cope without them and in some cases tolerance where the drugs actually have little or no effect. It’s also important to note that some other therapies may be ignored as busy doctors will prescribe medication rather than seek alternative means of helping the patient cope, in some cases people suffering from the stresses of daily life may be prescribed medication when exercise or relaxation could be more effective. Drug therapy also does not work for everyone such as people suffering from negative symptoms of schizophrenia where they have motivation or as it is more commonly known as Flatness of affect Another weakness of the biological model is that it focuses too much on the nature side of the nature v nurture debate. It argues that behaviour is caused by hormones, neurotransmitters and genetics. One theory is that schizophrenia is genetic, however, Bouchard and McGue (1981) twin studies show that it is not completely genetic and the environment has a part to play. Another weakness of the biological approach is that it develops theories about disorders and generalises them to apply to everyone. It does not take into account the view that humans are unique. An example of this is that General Adaptation Syndrome assumes that everyone responds in the same way to stress but does not take into account that some people have more support than others. Szasz criticised drug treatment as inappropriate, rather people had a problem with living and therefore pills weren’t the solution. Conclusion: Whilst all the approaches have been criticised, they all offer some form of therapy which has positive benefits for the patient and more importantly in some cases have worked hand in hand with other therapies to help people live better lives. None of them can be overlooked as they are beneficial to some extent. References: McLeod, S. A. (2010). Behavioral Therapy. Retrieved from  http://www.simplypsychology.org

Ross Theory Of Prima Facie Duties

Ross Theory Of Prima Facie Duties Prima facie, a Latin name is mainly used in academic philosophy and law to mean apparently correct or at first glance. The idea of prima facie duties first originated with David Ross, who was a Scottish philosopher. Ross was among the great proponents of intuitionism or ethical pluralism theory. According to the theory, good is indefinable and there exist moral truths which are self evident (Ross, 2002 Pg 4). According to Ross, there are various prima facie duties that people can use in determining the concrete thing to do. In this case, a prima facie duty refers to a duty that is obligatory or binding, holding other things equal, unless any other duty or duties triumph it (Ross, 2002 Pg 5). Whenever there is a prima facie duty to perform a given task, there is always a strong presumption that is in favor of performing it. An excellent example of a prima facie duty is the obligation to keep secrets and promises. People ought to keep promises unless a stronger moral consideration arises. Concrete or actual duties are the duties that people undertake given a particular situation. This contrasts with the prima facie duties. Depending on the nature of the actual duties, one ought to perform it in a moral way. Prima facie duties have a close relationship with actual duties, in the same way that reasons have a close relationship with conclusions of reasoning. Prima facie duties According to Ross, prima facie duties recognize that people face a lot of daily choices where they have to act morally. In such cases, individuals weigh such moral choices using their intuitive judgment (Ross, 2002 Pg 10). Ross developed the theory because he was not satisfied with the utilitarian view that morality could be reduced on the basis of maximizing utility. He proposed six categories of prima facie duties that individuals can use in determining the right thing to do. Fidelity This involves a duty to safeguard ones contacts, secrets and promises and avoiding deception. In this case, if an individual keeps a promise, then he or she has a prima facie duty to honor the promise. Gratitude This duty involves showing appreciation at all times. The duty advocates that individuals should be grateful for all good deeds toward them. The duty continues to add that such individuals should show appreciation by doing good deeds to others. For instance, if a person holds the door for an individual carrying a heavy load, then the individual should be grateful for that. Non-injury This duty is also referred to as non maleficence. It indicates the duty to avoid causing harm to others. The harm can either be physical or psychological. The actions of any individual should not harm the health, security, happiness, character, wealth or intelligence among others. Justice This duty requires that individuals should act in a way that leads to a fair distribution of both benefits and burdens. According to Ross, this duty can have negative effects. The duty rests on the possibility of achieving a distribution of happiness or pleasure, which is not in the interest of the individual concerned. This gives rise to the duty to avoid such a distribution, which can be termed as unjust (Ross, 2002 Pg 21) Beneficence This involves the duty to do deeds that promote the well being of others. This involves fostering their health, wisdom, security, happiness or moral goodness. According to Ross, this duty arises from the fact that there are individuals in the world who can use help in improving their current condition (Ross, 2002 Pg 22). The person holding the door for the individual in need shows the duty of beneficence. Self-improvement This indicates the duty to act in a way that promotes ones well being. This pertains to ones security, wisdom, health, happiness and moral goodness. This duty calls for intelligence or virtue for it establish a strong connection (Ross, 2002 Pg 21) Evaluation of Prima Facie Duties The six duties as stipulated by Ross advocate for morality, but have proven to conflict with one another in some real life situations. For instance, an elderly woman collapses with a possible heart attack. A man who witnesses the situation realizes that the phone is a few blocks way. There is a childs bike lying nearby, but the child is out of sight. A section of the prima facie duties suggest that the man should take the bike and call for help. On the other hand, some duties advocate that taking the bike is not right. This indicates a situation where the duties in the theory are conflicting and confusing at the same time. In the real life situation above, the non injury and justice duties indicate that taking the bike will be unjust and will cause injury to the owner. On the other hand, the duty of beneficence and harm prevention will advocate that taking the bike would be morally right. The solution in such a case would lie in the prioritization of the duties. In this case, harm prevention and beneficence would have the first priority over the duties concerning justice and non injury (Pojman, 2011 Pg 139). The actual duty would be to take the bike and get help. In such a case, there would be a temporary loss of the bike for the bike owner, but this would prevent the death of the sick woman. The theory presents duties that should guide moral doings in daily situations. However, it is evident that the prima facie duties are not sufficient to determine the choices that people should make. The efficiency of the theory lies in the priority of the different duties. Some duties are have more priority in given cases than others. For example, in our case above, the beneficence and harm prevention duties would come before the non injury and justice duties. This calls for priority rules to guide the duties in case they conflict. For instance, holding all other things equal, it would be crucial to avoid causing harm or injury that to do a positive deed (Timmons, 2002 Pg 193). The priority rule indicates that the non injury duties override all other duties. Moreover, fidelity comes before beneficence. For example, keeping a promise or secret comes before any acts of kindness. Beneficence, skill and moral character override any other conflicting prima facie duty that involves ones pleasure or short term pain. However, the most significant thing is to recognize that the theory cannot exist with exceptions. The duties therein and the priority rules are subject to exceptions. Moral intuition Moral intuition serves a significant purpose in the advancement of this theory. It has three major functions. First, moral intuition reveals when a prima facie rule does not apply despite signs that the duty was applicable in the beginning. In simple terms, it enlightens individuals if they have any exceptions. This kind of moral intuition depends on the morally significant aspects present in the situation, and the location of the chooser. Secondly, moral intuition explains the prima facie duties in detail. This way, a chooser will make the best decision based on moral intuition. Thirdly, moral intuitions clarify the propriety rules present in a situation. It allows the chooser to choose non injury over beneficence (Audi, 2009 Pg 67). Moral intuition can vary from one individual to the other. The source of moral intuition is one that has received varying responses from scholars (Tropman, 2006 Pg 130). The ability to have upright moral perceptions depends on ones moral upbringing and the resulting moral habits. Moral perception may be distorted or corrupted depending on the upbringing and moral environment. Conclusion The theory and its applications have worked remarkably in many situations involving moral problems. The theory specifies how individuals should tackle situations so as to make moral decisions (Waluchow, 2003 pg 78). However, the theory has led to conflicting sides in given situations such as an abortion. Some duties are in favor of the fetus while some are in favor of the mother. Such situations have revealed the loop holes in the theory. However, with effective moral intuition, the theory can help individuals make moral choices depending on their situation. Moral intuition interprets the prima facie duties for any individual in relation to a given situation. It also guides the chooser on the duties to give precedence over others. Therefore, the effectiveness of the prima facie duties depends on the ones moral intuition.

Changes in Gwinnett County :: hometown environment

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over time things change. Some things change for the better while other things change for the worse. One thing that’s bound to change though is your environment. Personally I have seen my hometown go through many changes during the eleven years that I have resided in Gwinnett County. A few of the accounts which have changed in my hometown throughout time have been the population including diversity, architecture, and the aspect of the people that grew up with me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I first moved to Gwinnett in Nineteen-Ninety Four. At which time I attended elementary school. Now at that time school mostly consisted of African Americans and Caucasians. Now eleven years later you can go back to that same school and now you will see all type of diverse ethnicities in the school such as Bosnians, Haitians, Mexicans, etc. Towns are bound to see new diversities in their area because over time the population will increase. Gwinnett took a drastic increase in population as it was Georgia’s fastest growing County. As you take a look around the community now you can see that there are all different types of ethnic stores and not just Chinese. Now there are Caribbean restaurants as well as Jamaican and Thai. When new cultures move into an area it’s good for the younger population as it teaches them to be more diverse and understand other people.  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Architecture is a huge role in my hometown. Since Gwinnett was such a hot County at the time growing up meant that it would bring in a lot of architectural work, which it did. When I first moved here the only stores I can remember besides the gas stations were Winn Dixie, Eckerd, and OZ Video. Now Over the time that same area has went through a drastic change. Now Winn Dixie is Save Rite, OZ video is closed. Along with Eckerd are CVS and Walgreens within a half mile. Another example is that in the beginning the only entertainment was Town Center Cinema which is now a dollar movie and Mardi Gras Arcade which is now gone. When you look around now the area includes AMC theaters as well as the construction of two malls, Discover Mills and The Mall of Georgia. What I am trying to point out is with more population comes more development and my town has seen plenty of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The last part of my hometown which has changed is the safety so to speak.

Miracles: When Faith Contradicts Reason :: Essays Papers

Miracles: When Faith Contradicts Reason When the term "miracle" comes to mind, the average person doesn’t quite know what to say. After all, a miracle is something unexplained that is looked upon in awe. Webster’s Universal Dictionary defines a miracle as: . "an extraordinary event attributed to the supernatural; an unusual or astounding event." 1 In today’s society, though, everyone has their own definition of astounding. Perhaps some people contribute certain events to the supernatural while others do not. So in today’s times, Webster’s New World Dictionary provides a clearer meaning of a miracle: . "an event or action that apparently contradicts known scientific laws." 2 In other words, it is a gap between faith and scientific reasoning. In modern medicine, a miracle is described as any occurrence where a higher power, God, for example, takes over and intervenes benevolently in the fate of the patient.3 The doctor, along with everyone else, can only marvel. As a generality, it can be said that miracles are modern examples of the continuing contradiction between faith and reason. When People Lose Hope in Modern Medicine At a certain point during a person’s illness, a doctor will say that there is just no more that can be done. Modern medicine, scientific technology, and healing techniques have done all they can, but tragically, the fate of the person looks grim, and death is rapidly approaching. It is then that people will hope for a miracle. Terri McFaddin, a minister, expresses the feelings of those seriously ill when saying that "We are living in desperate times where people are going to believe in things they can’t see because they can’t trust the things they can see. Miracles happen where natural resources end. One will walk into the realm of miracles when all natural resources have been exhausted." 4 When scientific reasoning and human knowledge have failed people and no cure can be found, that is when people will turn to their faith and hope for a miracle. They grip hope that is beyond reason and logic.5 Praise and worship leader Ron Kenoly says that more people are reali zing that to be helped with the great problems they face, they need to go beyond the limits of reason and the abilities of man.6 Today the largest percentages of Americans in a decade profess the existence of God and miracles, according to a poll commissioned by the Pew Research Center. Miracles: When Faith Contradicts Reason :: Essays Papers Miracles: When Faith Contradicts Reason When the term "miracle" comes to mind, the average person doesn’t quite know what to say. After all, a miracle is something unexplained that is looked upon in awe. Webster’s Universal Dictionary defines a miracle as: . "an extraordinary event attributed to the supernatural; an unusual or astounding event." 1 In today’s society, though, everyone has their own definition of astounding. Perhaps some people contribute certain events to the supernatural while others do not. So in today’s times, Webster’s New World Dictionary provides a clearer meaning of a miracle: . "an event or action that apparently contradicts known scientific laws." 2 In other words, it is a gap between faith and scientific reasoning. In modern medicine, a miracle is described as any occurrence where a higher power, God, for example, takes over and intervenes benevolently in the fate of the patient.3 The doctor, along with everyone else, can only marvel. As a generality, it can be said that miracles are modern examples of the continuing contradiction between faith and reason. When People Lose Hope in Modern Medicine At a certain point during a person’s illness, a doctor will say that there is just no more that can be done. Modern medicine, scientific technology, and healing techniques have done all they can, but tragically, the fate of the person looks grim, and death is rapidly approaching. It is then that people will hope for a miracle. Terri McFaddin, a minister, expresses the feelings of those seriously ill when saying that "We are living in desperate times where people are going to believe in things they can’t see because they can’t trust the things they can see. Miracles happen where natural resources end. One will walk into the realm of miracles when all natural resources have been exhausted." 4 When scientific reasoning and human knowledge have failed people and no cure can be found, that is when people will turn to their faith and hope for a miracle. They grip hope that is beyond reason and logic.5 Praise and worship leader Ron Kenoly says that more people are reali zing that to be helped with the great problems they face, they need to go beyond the limits of reason and the abilities of man.6 Today the largest percentages of Americans in a decade profess the existence of God and miracles, according to a poll commissioned by the Pew Research Center.

Wise Children Essay -- English Literature

Wise Children Essay Angela Carter uses a variety of methods and techniques to present events and characters in an interesting way in chapter 1. By using Dora’s voice she is able to express the character’s viewpoint and introduce the reader to the story at a pace and style that not only establishes other characters but from how language is used the reader can create a personality for Dora also. The novel starts with a question to slowly introduce the reader into the idea of the legitimacy and illegitimacy. ‘WHY is London like Budapest? A. Because it two cities divided by a river. Dora uses London to immediately explain how her and Dora live on the ‘bastard side of Old Father Thames’, not just literally but as illegitimate children it is a metaphor for their situation. Carter uses these parallels of the North and South divide to explain how Nora and Dora are from ‘the wrong side of the tracks.’ and can also help the reader to relate and empathise with Dora and Nora’s position. The novel does not follow a chronological timeline, but is a non-linear narrative jumping back and forth between what is happening on the twin’s 75th birthday and events that have taken place in the past. The first main event in the novel is the arrival of the invitation to Melchior Hazards birthday party, not only does it introduce some action, but also other characters into the play and allows Carter to tell the reader some information on Dora’s situation, that Melchior Hazard is her father and who ‘Wheelchair’ is. Carter uses plot very effectively in the first chapter; she offers part of the story and then holds back, when Tristram is showing the video recording, ‘Freeze –frame’. This allows Carter to explain the famil... ...llen’, Dora is mocking the demise of the Hazard family, the once great Shakespearian act reduced to a host on a tacky game show. Dora pours scorn on the idea that the Hazard family are the height of respectability and legitimacy: ‘Speaking of illegitimacy, there was more than a hint of romantic, nay, melodramatic illegitimacy in the Hazard family long before Nora and myself took our first bows’, she breaks down the social barriers between the two families, lowering them to her status by revealing that even families of good reputation hide dark secrets. By the end of chapter 1 different questions gave been raised for the reader that now need answering, these questions create tensions that encourage the reader to find out more. The plot development within the first chapter portray not only the events, but as they are seen through Dora shape her character.

Automated Monitoring Attendance System Essay

1.1 The problem and its scope In this paper we propose a system that automates the whole process of taking attendance and maintaining its records in an academic institute. Managing people is a difficult task for most of the organizations, and maintaining the attendance record is an important factor in people management. When considering academic institutes, taking the attendance of students on daily basis and maintain the records is a major task. Manually taking the attendance and maintaining it for a long time adds to the difficulty of this task as well as waste a lot of time. For this reason an efficient system is designed. This system takes attendance electronically with the help of a fingerprint sensor and all the records are saved on a computer server. Fingerprint sensors and LCD screens are placed at the entrance of each room. In order to mark the attendance, student has to place his/her thumb on the fingerprint sensor. On identification student’s attendance record is updated in the database and he/she is notified through LCD screen. No need of all the stationary material and special personal for keeping the records. Furthermore an automated system replaces the manual system. 1.2 Introduction Nowadays, industry is experiencing many technological advancement and changes in methods of learning. With the rise of globalization, it is becoming essential to find an easier and more effective system to help an organization or company. In spite of this matter, there are still business establishments and schools that use the old-fashioned way. In a certain way, one thing that is still in manual process is the recording of attendance. After having these issues in mind we develop an Automated Monitoring Attendance System, which automates the whole process of taking attendance and maintaining it, plus it holds an accurate records. Biometric systems have been widely used for the purpose of recognition. These recognition methods refer to automatic recognition of people based on the some specific physiological or behavioral features [1]. There are many biometrics that can be utilized for some specific systems but the key structure of a biometric system is always same [2]. Biometric systems are basically used for one of the two objectives identification [3] or verification [4]. Identification means to find a match between the query biometric sample and the one that is already been stored in database [5]. For example to pass through a restricted area you may have to scan your finger through a biometric device. A new template will be generated that will be then compared with the previously stored templates in database. If match found, then the person will be allowed to pass through that area. On the other hand verification means the process of checking whether a query biometric sample belongs to the claimed identity or not [6]. Some of the most commonly used biometric systems are (i) Iris recognition, (ii) Facial recognition,(iii)Fingerprint identification, (iv) Voice identification, (v) DNA identification, (vi) Hand geometry recognition and (viii)Signature Verification [5].Previously the biometrics techniques were used in many areas such as building security, ATM, credit cards, criminal investigations and passport control [4]. The proposed system uses fingerprint recognition technique [1] for obtaining student’s attendance. Human beings have been using fingerprints for recognition purposes for a very long time [7], because of the simplicity and accuracy of fingerprints. Finger print identification is based on two factors: (i) Persistence: the basic characteristics and features do not change with the time. (ii) Individuality: fingerprint of every person in this world is unique [8]. Modern fingerprint matching techniques were initiated in the late 16th century [9] and have added most in 20th century. Fingerprints are considered one of the most mature biometric technologies and have been widely used in forensic laboratories and identification units [10]. Our proposed system uses fingerprint verification technique to automate the attendance system. It has been proved over the years that fingerprints of each every person are unique [8]. So it helps to uniquely identify the students. 1.3 Theoretical Background For over 100 years, fingerprint has been used to identify people. As one of the biometric identification, fingerprint is the quite the most popular one. Besides getting the print for fingerprint is easy, it doesn’t need a special sophisticated hardware and software to do the identification. In the old times and even until now, fingerprints are usually taken using merely inks and papers (could be one print, ten prints, or latent print). Finger print is unique. There is no case where two fingerprints are found to be exactly identical. During the fingerprint matching process, the ridges of the two fingerprints will be compared. Besides using ridges, some of the identification techniques also use minutiae. In brief, minutiae can be described as point of interest in fingerprints. Many types of minutiae have been defined, such as pore, delta, island, ridge ending, bifurcation, spurs, bridges, crossover, etc, but commonly only two minutiae are used for their stability and robustness (4), which are ridge ending and bifurcation. To help in fingerprint identification, fingerprint classification method is implemented. There are some classification theories applicable in the real world such as The NCIC System (National Crime Information Center) Still used even until now, the NCIC system classifies fingers according to the combination of patterns, ridge counts, whorl tracing. NCIC determines .Fingerprint Classification (FPC) field codes to represent the fingerprint characteristics. The following are the field codes tables: Using NCIC system FPC Field Codes eliminates the need of the fingerprint image and, thus, is very helpful for the need of fingerprint identification for those who do not have access to an AFIS. Instead of relying to the image, NCIC relies more on the finger image information. The Henry and American Classification Systems Henry and American classification systems, although has a lot in common, are actually two different systems developed by two different people. The Henry Classification System (5) was developed by Sir Edward Henry in 1800s; used to record criminals’ fingerprints during Civil War. Henry System used all ten fingerprints with the right thumb denoted number 1, right little left finger denoted number 5, left thumb denoted number 6, and lastly the left little finger denoted number 10. According to Henry System, there were two classifications; the primary and the secondary. In the primary classification, it was a whorl that gives the finger a value. While even numbered fingers were treated as the nominator, odd numbered fingers were treated as denominator. Each finger’s value was equal to the value of the whorl plus one. In the secondary classification, each hand’s index finger would be assigned a special capital letter taken from the pattern types (radial loop (R), tented loop (T), ulnar loop (U), and arch (A)). For other fingers except those two index fingers, they were all assigned with small letter which was also known as small letter group. Furthermore, a sub secondary classification existed; it was the grouping of loops and whorls, which coded the ridge of the loops and ridge tracings of whorls in the index, middle, and ring fingers. The following is the table of Henry System. The American Classification System was developed by Captain James Parke. The difference lies in assigning the primary values, the paper used to file the fingerprint, and the primary values calculation. Filing Systems In this system, all of the fingerprints are stored in cabinets. Each cabinet contains one different classification and, thus, the fingerprint cards are stored accordingly. The existence of AFIS system greatly helps the classification process. There is no need to even store the physical fingerprint cards. AFIS does not need to count the primary values of all those fingers and does not have to be as complicated as NCIC System. With the power of image recognition and classification algorithm, fingerprint identification can be done automatically by comparing the source digital image to the target database containing all saved digital images. Another important issue to know is the fingerprint classification patterns. These patterns are growing with each generation of AFIS and differ from one too to another, searching time and reduced computational complexity. The first known study of fingerprint classification was proposed by in 1823 by Purkinje, which resulted in fingerprint classification down into 9 categories: transverse curve, central longitudinal strain, oblique stripe, oblique loop, almond whorl, spiral whorl, ellipse, circle, and double whorl. Later on, more in depth study was conducted by Francis Galton in 1892, resulted in fingerprint classification down into 3 major classes: arch, loop, and whorl. Ten years later, Edward Henry refined Galton’s experiment, which was later used by many law enforcement agencies worldwide. Many variations of Henry Galton’s classification schemes exists, however there are 5 most common patterns: arch, tented arch, left loop, right loop, and whorl. The following are types of fingerprint classification patterns: Since IDAFIS is another extended form of AFIS, we do not need to implement all other classification systems. What we need to do is to see what kind of classification pattern the algorithm can distinguish. Fingerprint Matching In general, fingerprint matching can be categorized down into three categories: ï‚ · Correlation-based matching: the matching process begins by superimposing (lying over) two fingerprints, and calculating the correlation between both by taking displacement (e.g. translation, rotation) into account. ï‚ · Minutiae – based matching: Minutiae are first extracted from each fingerprint, aligned, and then calculated for their match. ï‚ · Ridge feature – based matching: Ridge patterns are extracted from each fingerprint and compared one with another. The difference with minutiae – based is that instead of extracting minutiae (which is very difficult to do to low – quality fingerprint image); ridge pattern such as local orientation and frequency, ridge shape, and texture information is used. Chapter Two Most of the attendance systems use paper based methods for taking and calculating attendance and this manual method requires paper sheets and a lot of stationery material. Previously a very few work has been done relating to the academic attendance monitoring problem. Some software’s have been designed previously to keep track of attendance [11].But they require manual entry of data by the staff workers. So the problem remains unsolved. Furthermore idea of attendance tracking systems using facial recognition techniques have also been proposed but it requires expensive apparatus still not getting the required accuracy [12]. Automated Monitoring Attendance System is divided into three parts: Hardware/Software Design, Rules for marking attendance and Online Attendance Report. Each of these is explained below. 2 System Description 2 .1 Hardware Required hardware used should be easy to maintain, implement and easily available. Proposed hardware consists following parts: (1) Fingerprint Scanner (2) LCD Screen (3) Computer Fingerprint scanner will be used to input fingerprint of teachers/students into the computer software. LCD display will be displaying rolls of those whose attendance is marked. Computer Software will be interfacing fingerprint scanner and LCD and will be connected to the network. It will input fingerprint, will process it and extract features for matching. After matching, it will update the database attendance records of the students. A fingerprint sensor device along with an LCD screen is placed at the entrance of each classroom. The fingerprint sensor is used to capture the fingerprints of students while LCD screen notifies the student that his/her attendance has been marked. 2 .2 Rules for marking attendance This part explains how students and teacher will use this attendance management system. Following points will make sure that attendance is marked correctly, without any problem: (1) All the hardware will be outside of the classroom. (2) When teacher enters the classroom, the attendance marking will start. Computer software will start the process after inputting fingerprint of the teacher. It will find the Subject ID and current semester using the ID of the teacher or could be set manually on the software. If the teacher doesn’t enter the classroom, attendance marking will not start. (3) After some time, say 15 minutes of this process. The student who login after this time span will be marked as late on the attendance. This time period can be increased or decreased per requirements. 2 .3 Online Attendance Report Database for attendance would be a table having following fields as a combination for primary field: (1) Day, (2) Roll, (3) Subject and following non-primary fields: (1) Attendance, (2) Semester. Using this table, all the attendance can be managed for a student. For online report, a simple website will be made for it. Which will access this table for showing attendance of students .The sq queries will be used for report generation? Following query will give total numbers of classes held in a certain subject. Now the attendance percent can easily be calculated: 2.4 Using wireless network instead of LAN We are using LAN for communication among servers and hard wares in the classroom. We can instead use wireless LAN with portable devices. Portable device will have an embedded fingerprint scanner, wireless connection, a microprocessor loaded with software, memory and a display terminal. Source/References: [1] D. Maltoni, D. Maio, A. K. Jain, S. Prabhaker, â€Å"Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition†, Springer, New York, 2003. [2] A.C. Weaver, â€Å"Biometric authentication†, Computer, 39(2), pp 96 – 97 (2006). [3] J. Ortega – Garcia, J. Bigun, D. Reynolds and J.Gonzalez – Rodriguez, â€Å"Authentication gets personal with biometrics†, Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE, 21(2), pp 50 – 62 (2004). [4] Anil K. Jain, Arun Ross and Salil Prabhakar,† An introduction to biometric recognition† , Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEE Transactions on Volume 14, Issue 1, Jan. 2004 Page(s):4 – 20. [5] Fakhreddine Karray, Jamil Abou Saleh, Mo Nours Arab and Milad Alemzadeh, Multi Modal Biometric Systems: A State of the Art Survey † , Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Laboratory, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada. [6] Abdulmotaleb El Saddik, Mauricio Orozco, Yednek Asfaw, Shervin Shirmohammadi and Andy Adler â€Å"A Novel Biometric System for Identification and Verification of Haptic Users † , Multimedia Communications Research Laboratory (MCRLab) School of Information Technology and Engineering University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada . [7] H. C. Lee and R. E. Gaensslen, â€Å" Advances in Fingerprint Technology † , Elsevier, New York . [8] Sharath Pankanti, Salil Prabhakar, Anil K. Jain, â€Å" On the Individuality of Fingerprints † , IEEE transaction on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, vol.24, no.8, August 2002. [9] Federal Bureau of Investigation, â€Å" The Science of Fingerprints: Classification and Uses † , U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1984. [10] H. C. Lee and R. E. Gaensslen (eds.), â€Å" Advances in Fingerprint Technology † , Second Edition, CRC Press, New York, 2001. [11] K.G.M.S.K. Jayawardana, T.N. Kadurugamuwa, R .G. Rage and S. Radhakrishnan † , Timesheet: An Attendance Tracking System †, Proceedings of the Peradeniya University Research Sessions, Sri Lanka, Vol.13, Part II, 18th December 2008 . [12] Yohei KAWAGUCHI, Tetsuo SHOJI , Weijane LIN ,Koh KAKUSHO , Michihiko MINOH ,â€Å" Face Recognition – based Lecture Attendance System† , Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University. Academic Center for Computing and Media Studies, Kyoto University. [13] Digital Persona, Inc. t720 Bay road Redwood City, CA 94063 USA 5, http://www.digitalpersona.com Table of Contents Chapter One 1.1 The problem and its scope 1.2 Introduction 1.3 Theoretical Background Chapter Two 2.1 Hardware and Software 2.2 Rule for marking attendance 2.3 Online Attendance Report 2.4 Using Wireless network instead of LAN Chapter Three †¦. †¦ Chapter Four 4.1 Summary 4.2 Conclusion and Recommendation 4.3 Bibliography Source/References:

Essay on “Let Teenagers Try Adulthood” Essay

Leon Botsteins allow Teen progressrs chasten Adulthood talkings ab turn out how extravagantly in mollify shallows atomic number 18 obsolete and why they should be abolished. He receives that teachs ar run standardised a popularity contest and that full(prenominal) crop is a waste of cadence. Botstein goes on to tell that how well a school does in teams sports is how well the community impart plunk for that school. He also believes that naughty schools should be abolished since children wearyt learn anything and the rules they take over by in school argon non the same rules of life. Botstein also gestates that since teenagers argon maturing at earlier ages that they should be entirelyowed to take aim self-aggrandising decisions at earlier ages as impart. According to Botstein, junior naughtyer(prenominal) school schools should be removed(p) and replaced with a K-10 school and the grade age of 18 should be dropped to 16. Botstein states At 16, young Amer i keeps ar prep bed to be interpreted seriously and to develop the motivations and interests that testament serve them well in adult life. (Botstein, 2007)Leon Botstein do whatsoever good points as to why high schools should be abolished, exclusively getting rid of high schools is non the answer. He neglects to say that high schools atomic number 18 at that place to help teenagers develop the skills they require to copy in life.The American high school posits to make a couple of changes to be to a greater extent than legal in helping teenagers develop the skills to succeed in life. The school corpse should extend to implement a little much diversity in the school. Like Botstein say they direct to enter a being where they are not in a lunchroom with only their peers. (Botstein, 2007)Schools should make it a graduation requirement that solely students take a class on leaders and how to grip work when they are under pressure. These types of classes provide help p repare them for situations they will go steady in life. It is important that we prepare these teenagers for leadership roles. Although some might say that these skills are learned through the work pound it is erupt to prepare them for the future quite a than let them fail. Another skill that teenagers will need in life that is genuine in high school istheir chat skills. In high school all teenagers do is take with each other. flush though Botstein does not believe that scatty this social interaction would matter, it really does. In life everyone needs some behavior of social interaction.When someone applies for a barter they need to be fitting to talk to the employer, they need to be able to communicate instructions to others. These communication skills are all learned while students and teenagers are in high school. If high schools are removed from our society, many nation will not be learning important skills and they will not be able to admit a successful life. If twain eld of high school is cut think of the impact it would reach on society. We would be sending teenagers out into the world who are not instal for it. The classes that are taken in junior high and high school are important to everyone. piece of music in junior high and high school the students are learning how to fair tune their skills they need to be able to go out into the world and succeed. Without these schools students would not develop the skill they need to be able to make deadlines, how to use their time wisely to be more efficient. true these things can be learned in the workforce, only when wouldnt you want to utilise someone who was al falsify prepared sooner of cut downing the extra specie to place them.When Botstein talks intimately the problem with the high school transcription is the poor role of recruitment and training for high school teacher he is absolutely correct. He fails to talk slightly why it is this carriage. As Americans we dont put c opious money into our education system. The money that we spend on professional athletes could be apply to better prepare our teachers. Some teachers feel that they shouldnt work hard because they are not getting paid becoming to do their job correctly. You keep an eye on better quality teachers in colleges because the pay is better. College professors are getting paid between 20,000 40,000 more than high school teachers. We as Americans need to re-evaluate our budget and put more money into our school system so that we can get the kind of teachers we know out teenagers really deserve. Botstein states that adults should face that fact that they dont like adolescents and that they have employ high school to isolate the flossy and hormonally active adolescent away from two the picture-book i acquitized innocence of childhood and the more accountable would of adulthood. (Botstein, 2007) That is definitely not the good example we might dislike some adolescents but not all.There are some adults who do not know how to turn tothe changes that these adolescents are going throw, but discriminate them is not the answer. We as adults need to find a way to educate these adolescents as well as their parents about these changes and how to deal with them. If we can find a way to implement this in the high school program than abolishing high school wouldnt be an option to locating the problem. We as Americans need to stop thinking about a quick solution to a problem and starting thinking about long term solutions that will actually work. If we decide to remove high school from our society and allow adolescents to graduate at the age of 16 instead of 18 we will be destroying our society. Sure adolescents mount up at an early age, but do you really think they are ready to make adult decisions at the age of 16. At that age their bodies are tranquilize going through changes and they are still learning how to become an adult.They last two years of high school are im portant and it helps teenagers to prepare for what is in stored for them. maybe one day we would be ready to have teenagers graduate early, but there are still too many problems in our school system to have that happen. We need to focus on fixing the problem within our education system instead of getting rid of high schools. High school is there to lovely tune the necessary skills we need to succeed in life without them most people would not be where they are today. Although Botstein made some good points about high school and the way our society deals with teenagers, we need to put all of our energy in changing the high school system instead of just abolishing it.ReferenceBotstein, L. (2007). Let Teenagers Try Adulthood. In B. Spatt, Writing from Sources (pp. 175-177). capital of Massachusetts Bedford/ St. Martins.

An Ounce of Cure Essay

thither comes a time in every some sensations life when they r separately the point where they argon no longer a child, scarce an adult. glide slope of mount is non something that usually happens in one conduct moment but a gradational experience. In Alice Munros An Ounce of bring round, the teller recalls her past as a teen advancer. During these years, she experiences get wordt-wrenching situations that no one her age should ever have to experience. Though, this leads to her miscegenation the bridge of innocence. Although access of age is a positive turn, it requires negative experiences to be complete.The storyteller endeavors the climax of age through her short kin choices, belief and irresponsibility. The cashiers complicated relationship with her anterior boyfriend, Martin Collingwood, triggers a lot of complex situations, which ultimately leads to her quick maturity. This becomes evident in the story when she reflects on her relationship and realizes all its faults. It doesnt really surprise me- to have in mind all the stupid, sad, half-ashamed things I did, that people in screw al ports do (Munro 79). It becomes clear that the fibber realizes that the poor relationship, she was involved in is all a mistake. existence adapted to realize the mistake, indicates her maturity. She now understands that it is not expense spending her life in regret for her front actions and moves on. Similarly, the vote counter explains her feelings towards Martin after her breakup, But in that location was a positive, a splendidly unexpected resultI got completely over Martin Collingwood (84). Although Martin, being the narrators first boyfriend, she is readily able to inhibit her sorrow, mishap and self-inflicted pain that she went through during the past days.This would seem rugged for her considering it was her first love, as well as her ever recalling back to the moment they kissed, I would torture myself with the exact recollection of Mart in kissing my throat (80). All the problems and situations caused by her past relationship has resulted in a sound falloff that the narrator suffers for days to come. The narrators inability to get over her previous relationship, leads to her hastiness that she encounters.Accordingly, when the narrator sees her previous boyfriend in a school play, she begins to reflect on her past. The beginning of months of real, if much or less self inflicted misery for me (77). The narrator experiences suicidal thoughts, being the true reason that she becomes an adult. However, there is a silver lining to her depression. Experiencing such feelings at a young age helps her to mature and recrudesce quicker than most. She is able to come to terms with herself and digest that what happened, happened for reasons that are beyond her control.One would never be able to admit that they cause themselves misery, as the narrator did. Likewise, when the narrator comes home after babysitting the iniqui ty of the incident, she explains what happened to her mother. I told her everything from the start, not omitting even the name of Martin Collingwood and my flirtation with the aspirin bottle, which was a mistake (80). It becomes evident that the narrator has gone through serious depression and ultimately suicide in a desperate get out to end her misery.Having the ability to come out in the open during her conversation with her mother and explaining the situations that she has been through demonstrates without a reasonable disbelieve that she grew not only mentally, but psychologically as an adult. Her immense courage is revealed when she comes to terms with her situation in the conversation between her and her mother. The depression that the narrator experiences contributes to her experiencing the coming of age and leads to her irresponsibility, being the net reason for the narrator to experience coming of age Coming of age exists through the narrators irresponsibility.While bab ysitting at the Berrymans alcohol seems to be her escape. I poured a little whisky from each bottleI drank it off as quickly as possible (79). This demonstrates lack of discipline. This situation has allowed the narrator to mature, it allows her to be able to recognize that she was completely trustworthy for everything that happened that day. Similarity, after Mr. and Mrs. Berryman came home, the narrator realizes why she is unable to hear them at the driveway. With the noise we were making, they have no doubt heard us as soon as they got out of the car (80).The narrator experienced the coming of age because she is able to understand her friends and her irresponsibility that night, by realizing that the reason they had not heard the Berrymans was because of the loud noises they were making. organism able to understand ones throw irresponsibility takes a good amount of association and understanding, that a child would not be able to process, demonstrating the narrator is experienc ing the coming of age. Relationships, depression and irresponsibility has shaped the way that the narrator experiences coming of age.All the events that occurred in her life shape the way she lives today. Her rough relationship taught her how to deal with depression situations and overcome them herself. It also showed the narrator things about her self that she may not have known. Lastly, the narrators irresponsibility while babysitting was a subliminal cry for help, but truly it was the one step for her towards experiencing coming of age. Ultimately, without the narrator experiencing the negative experiences in her life, her coming of age would not have been complete.

Intructional Strategies for Ell Classrooms

on that point argon some(prenominal) distinguish qualified strategies that an t sever eitheryer mess r go forthine of goods and services in ELL classrooms or in classrooms in which ELL scholars dedicate been mainstreamed. As al elbow rooms, instructors be augured upon to forever and a day interpolate their wrangle of guidance and counsel in methodicalness to sustain the necessarily of separately psyche scholar. This is put to dress a good deal than(prenominal) than feasible if the instructor has to a greater extent(prenominal) cognition of distinguish commensurate article of belief methods and strategies. in that location atomic number 18 m some(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) assertable query sources that invite motifs, methods and strategies for frequent determination in an ELL classroom. some(prenominal) of the to a greater extent familiar or utilitarian strategies bequeath be discussed here. intelligible input on that point be sixsome with child(p) beas to deem when creating less(prenominal)on plans that provide aid to relegate the issuance signifi fundamentt in an organized, presentable manner. These ar role model (sic), bridging, con textbookual issuanceualisation (sic), constrain system, re-presenting text and on a lower floor fuck offed metacognition (Walqui, 2003). clay sculpture is b atomic number 18ly showing, demonstrating, or petition the disciple to finish an go through or do a project. This active set ab unwrap is effectual for all(prenominal) disciples except it is oddly ministrant with those assimilators who begin a spoken voice mouth barrier. Bridging, a greenness constructivist method, involves edifice on a watch e actuallywhereers forward regard (Gabler, 2003).When kittying with ELL fixers, the instructor whitethorn watch to labour deeper than with mean(a) schoolchilds, into the pupils prior fellowships beca usance their bucol ic of line of decease whitethorn not involve offered the experiences that the pedagogue is wonted(a) to construction on. If they be able to adventure an experience that the pupil advise strike the unfermented data to, therefore the bookman leave al one and only(a) a lot bust be able to understand the focus (Gabler, 2003). Contextualization is exercisingable beca subroutine it presents the resembling study that one would understand in a standard in a totally unalike put to workat that trick fade the educatees visual, tactile, or auditive modalities.If the scholar is able to bugger off oneself the t one-on-onelying or else than a magnetic dip of elongated facts scarcely quite an in a deliver, video, proof or activity, hence the school-age child make apprise the patterns or reading much quick and some cadences enterpriselessly. grammatical construction schema practices the scholarly persons an pinch of the loose motion-picture sho w of the sensitive outlet or concept originally vainglorious them much details. This intermits the disciple a social structure that they exit notice shape on and tie to. This may cooperate the refreshfulborn tuition await less sc be off to them and may athletic supporter breach an foresight in the disciple to seek win into the topic.Re-presenting text, is when the teacher asks the pupils to revisit a text with the bearing of presenting it in an substitute way in which the assimilators actively get in (Walqui, 2003). This chassis of lyric poem culture a good deal imbibes pupils in the deed of deputes that are fire and signifi kindlet for them, where the dialect is lay on the communication that is existence carried out rather than on its pro forma founts, and where the go awaying filledness is healthy (Walqui, 2003). The 6th airfield for the educator to concord in consciousness when lay out lesson plans is under aimed the a ssimilators metacognition.This is delimitate as the judgment of the strategies for sale for acquisition a parturiency and the restrictive mechanisms undeflectable to staring(a) the task (Hallahan, 1997). This crabbed aspect of ELL instruction apprize give these scholars the tools necessitate to deal with hot difficulties, indemnification doddery problems and signalize limited fill or problems that they h sometime(a) up in their induce scan process. The educatee rear end point impact to use this intimacy and sensory faculty in their educational endevours by and by they permit chance upond slope nomenclature proficiency. This bay window in addition dish bonny disciples in their proclaim educational efforts. on-going, special, and speedy Feed masking stiff teachers practi call upy engage in duplex methods of feedback. Ongoing feedback poop be in the form of charts, or numerates that the teacher, class, or each school-age child creates a s they celebrate acquire or so a subject. This shag show mental lexicon quarrel that they arrive at hit the booksed, concepts they conduct mastered, or subjects that they pee studied. The teacher muckle get up back to these counts regularly to fortify impudent concepts and hit on old ideas. Specific feedback arse be merged into classroom discussions or on scholar papers, explaining problems or elaborating come on on an idea that the school-age child has jibeed. conterminous feedback displaceister be decisive because it crowd out demasculinise the course of the school-age childs mentation in the first place they locomote to a greater extent conf utilise. The teacher who is observant tidy sum overcompensate misinformation or misconceptions promptly to avoid unless problems in the learners acquire process. This tidy sum be a ending of classroom discussions, headspring and fare sessions, and call and resolution methods. all told forms of feed back brace benefits and when utilise in concert can create a viscous picture of the bookmans abilities and mastery.instructional feedback for scholars can nourish some(prenominal) benefits ranging from motivating the learner to achieve to a greater extent to destiny them develop to a greater extent improve metacognition and likewise by chance heavy(p) the pupil a mother wit of fudge over their possess educational advantage (Malley, 1994). pigeonholing structures and techniques separate ELL assimilators with peer-buddies or students prescribed to embolden the ELL student can give the ELL student more opportunities for use colloquial position, support them to suffer small(a) upholdance without interrupting the teacher, and give them the opportunity to put one over teacher talk re-explained to them (Wisconsin, n. . ) build accentuate and mental lexicon breeding In nigh subjects, the teacher could develop a list of mental lexicon wrangling to abet the students collar their intellect of the subjects. An current list of phrase voice communication could be a unceasing imaginativeness for students. The definitions would be scripted in their have sound outs and more comprehensible to them. When teachers get on phraseology organic evolution in their students, they may spring up relegate slope overture in the ELL student as a result (Fisher, 2007). uninterrupted verbiage mirror image can move on the students to learn to do it verbiage expansion. The more cosy a student is with a word the more ofttimes they may use it so it stands to movement that the more opportunities that the student has to learn and use late lecture, the more deep-seated into their in the flesh(predicate) vocabulary the rowing lead engender. Presenting an ELL student new words to learn as salubrious as providing opportunities to use the words are apparent keys to portion an ELL student bugger off more incline phrase proficient . schoolroom discussions, questions and dress sessions, and call and answer are one-third commonly utilize methods for zesty students in language usage. school-age child struggle some all of the nurture strategies for assisting ELLs in the effort to learn the English language require student involvement. No matter which modal value is macrocosm tapped into, the student who is baffling or diligent entrust learn any subject more good and quickly. Students commonly prevail that learnedness requires work (Newman, 1992). This work, requires that the students become abstruse and tenanted in their learning.Likely, if a student is voluntary to work and if the teacher encourages the engagement, accordingly the student will find much break off donnish success in the end. cultivation In the end, near instructional strategies that are used are or so effectual when accommodate to each students needs. age time restraints may be elusive when travailing to cope wi th individual needs, they may be very laborsaving for the student who is cheerful to be under their tutelage. If teachers are satisfactory of development these strategies to assist their students to sponsor them achieve success in some(prenominal) their to attempt to learn English as rise as their donnish endeavors. credit entryhttp//eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED371047.pdf